The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is well-established as a dietary pattern with beneficial health and environmental effects. It represents a sustainable model of food production and consumption, thanks to the use of local products that can help preserve biodiversity and natural resources, as well as cultures or traditions. However, transferring the Mediterranean Diet to non-Mediterranean countries is a challenge. The promotion worldwide of a healthy and sustainable dietary model based on the nutritional properties of MedDiet, but implemented at local level by using the food products available in the different areas of the world is the basic concept of “Planeterranean” diet.